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Showing posts from December, 2019

Big and Small rebellions before 1857 revolt in British India

The 1857 uprising was the culmination of the recurrent, big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. The 1857 revolt was know as "Mangal Pandey: The Rising" through a hindi movie. The revolt mostly was well know to many Indians because of the British India's strong stand on using Enfield rifels. These rifles catridges are filled with Cow and Pig fat. In order to use these catridges the soilder have to bite . Both the muslim coummunity and Hindus felt humiliated and organised into a small rebellions for such anti religious sentiment.                                                             The revolt even though not carried by every part of country, but many individuals taken leadership for the revolt. This inculde Jhani Laxmi Bhai, Tantia tope, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Kunwar Singh. All these revolts was covered in many places with details. The foundation of the 1857 revolt is not one day happening. I

Human Values

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             Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be The recent lynching of man over allegation of illegal storing of beef in fridge by a mob is a state of minds of that society. This shows how we treat the humans in modern world.How backword the humanity is. In the situation of rohinga refugee crisis. It shows the inability of the international community for safety of them and it security of human life. The honour killings because of inter-caste marriages shows the state of mind of society.  The killing of puppies by a medicos at chennai shows the pathetic benchmark of humanity that was presented in digital world. The above example shows the conditions of humanity in present day world. The word HUMANITY signifies two parts. First part HUMAN which signifies the quality of life and ITY says the ability to respond. The humanity can only exhibit by living being that is Human Beings. The humans of any caste, creed, race, ethnic, language, cul

Checks and Balances are important than Separation of powers

Indian constitution when prepared and put to discussion many legal luminaries criticised the constituent assembly work some called it as  " A Borrowed Constitution" or "Elephant Size Constitution" and strongly criticised it as "slavish imitation of the western mindset, much more - a slavish surrender to the west". There is no nation with such a lengthy constitution as India did. This is because of its historical, cultural and civilization roots with the land and people, this constitution came to reality in 1950.  Many amendments and legislative bills added value to the constitutions. Many modern ideas with conservative principles were accomadated by the Indian constitution.The safeguards to minorities with freedoms to individual were laid out in the provisions of constitution. Such provisions is bound to have conflicts or overlaps. In governance the main organs of the system are Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. Even though the functions of thes

The Central Administration Tribunal (CAT)

“The Central Administration Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority.” Explain The first Administrative Reform Commission (ARC::1966-70) recommended the setting up of civil service tribunals to function as appellate authority. The call was again given by J.C. Shah committe for establishment of an administrative tribunal to adjudicate on service matters. An administrative tribunal act as quasi-judiciary body for settling issues or disputes.  The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was established through 42nd constitutional amendment act in 1976 under Part XIV-A of the constitution. In order to discharge the justice in fast and fair manner the tribunals came into existence.  CAT adjudicates the disputes with respective to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services. CAT also has jurisdi

Integrated Farming System (IFS)

Integrated farming system is an interrelated and interdependent production system based on few crops, animals and subsidary enterprises in such a way that it maximize the utilization of the system and reduce the negative effects of the system. India has large share of small and marginal farms. The best use of this system can be enhanced by IFS.  "IFS is a judicious mix of two or more components using cardinal principles of minimum competition and maximum complementarity with advanced agronomic management tools aiming for sustainable and environment friendly improvement of farm income, family nutrition and ecosystem services". The essential component of IFS are keeping the soil alive and provide sustainable support to farm and family through effective management of natural resources. They are as follows:  Enrichment of Soil   Management of temperature Harvesting of sun energy Conservation of soil and rain water Self-reliance in inputs Maintenance of life for

Wisdom finds truth

Truth:-             Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard. Truth is usually held to be opposite to falsehood, which correspondingly also take on a logical, factual or ethical meaning.  Wisdom:-             Wisdom or Sapience or Sagacity, is the ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense and insight. Wisdom is associated with attributes such as Compassion, Experiential self-knowledge, non-attatchment and virtues such as ethics and benevolence. Wisdom has been defined in different ways. Many subtypes have been proposed. Out of these, phronesis and sophia are two key subtypes. According to Aristotle, he categorised the virtues as moral and intellectual. In intellectual virtues, the most important one was Wisdom.  According to Socratic intellectualism their are two major consequences . One is that virtue is knowledge and other is that virtue is sufficient f

Gandhara Art How it got influenced by Romans, Greek cultures

"GANDHARA" is an ancient kingdom have cultural roots with Indian sub-continent. That great city is presently part of modern Pakistan. The city covers in places of northern pakistan and eastern afghanistan. The name to the city GANDHARA came from the character "Gandhari" who is wife of Dhritarashtra.  After the archelogical excavations there are many sites which are excavated and found the relics of "Gautama Buddha". Due to historical influences and people interactions the images of budhha is unique and versatile. One of the famous example of classic Gandhara art is "Budhha of Bamyan". After its destruction by taliban in 2001 recently a restoration project was undertaken. Gandhara art was developed in north-west India during kushan rulers period. The art was influenced by Central Asian and Greeco Bactrian elements. Central Asian Elements: Curly hair of Buddha also resembles the parthian styles of statues. The cloth drapping seen i

GST and its implications

GST was considered as Unifying factor for Indian tax system and hailed it as "Liberal Reform" after 1990 reforms. Over the years implementation of GST tested the efficiency of the policy and its success. It is also called as Indirect tax reform. Many taxes where subsumed under GST. They are Under Central Taxes : Central Excise Duty ( CENVAT) Service Tax Additional Excise duties Excise duty on manufactured goods ( Except on 5 hydrocarbons) Additional duties of customes Surcharges and Cess Under State  Taxes : State VAT Sales Tax Purchase Tax Entertainment Tax Entry Tax Taxes on lottery, betting State surcharges and Cess Taxes which are not subsumed : Basic custom duties (These are levied during import of goods into India) Export duty Road and Passenger Tax Toll Tax (Environment tax) Professional Tax Property Tax Stamp Duty Electricity Duty Excise on liquor (states) GST aims to provide input tax credit to entrepreneurs, so in theory it

India and Japan

In the LOOK EAST Policy the Indian relations with east asian countries have deepened in post Liberalisation and Privatisation period. Due to decision like "Nuclear Test (operation shakti)" the relations with the asian countries got side tracked. By the 123 Nuclear agreement Indian relations with super power USA improved to new dimensions. In sync with such move the relations with Japan became important part of Look East Policy.                                                      Both nations are important planks of "Act East Policy" and New World Order.  In order to eastablish 21st centuary as ASIAN CENTURY, Japan and India should form an alliance in the region. Japan being a developed country it has lot to give than take. Big investments/commitments: Japan has invested in the $90 billion Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). It is also backing the Ahmedabad-Mumbai bullet train service and has already released the first tranche of 5,500 crore rupees. J

India's Asymmetry Federalism

Indian Constitution provide a great distinction for sharing of power between centre and states. Even though the word "Federal" is not found any where in the nations holy  book . But it continues to be existed in nature of polity. Before 1970 the indian politics is largely dominate by one party. These parties are charged by leadership whose vision  is strong centre. The centre leadership is filled by proven track record of state leaders or by loyal personalities.  When ever there is vaccum among the equation between state ad centre this created a tussle between governments. This rift continue to appear even after 1991 economic liberalization. Federalism was put to test during time of crisis. The court judgements and civil interests pushed the scope of federalism with more inclusive principles then the central authoritarian trends. In rare cases centre is in position of deciding the course and opt for its interest. This interest can be inclusive or can be exclusive.